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مقاله نحوه کاربرد و عملکرد سیستم موقعیت یابی جهانی (ماهواره ای) GPS

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مقاله نحوه کاربرد و عملکرد سیستم موقعیت یابی جهانی (ماهواره ای) GPS


مقاله نحوه کاربرد و عملکرد سیستم موقعیت یابی جهانی (ماهواره ای) GPS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



فرمت فایل : WORD (قابل ویرایش)

تعداد صفحات:198

فهرست مطالب:
فصل اول (سیر تکاملی سیستم های ناوبری رادیویی و بخش های کلی سیستم GPS ............18
مقدمه                                                                                                                                                                        19
1-1    تعریف GPS                                                                                                                                                      20
2-1 روش های تعیین موقعیت                                                                                                                                   20
1-2-1 روش های زمینی                                                                                                                                           20
1-1-2-1 ناوبری به کمک ADF                                                                                                                               20
2-1-2-1 ناوبری به کمک VOR                                                                                                                              20
3-1-2-1 ناوبری به کمک DME                                                                                                                             20
4-1-2-1 ناوبری به کمک LORAN-C                                                                                                                   20
5-1-2-1 ناوبری به کمک سیستم OMEGA                                                                                                            23
6-1-2-1 ناوبری به کمک سیستم DECCA                                                                                                              23
2-2-1 روش های فضایی                                                                                                                                          24
1-2-2-1 روش TRANZIT                                                                                                                                    24
2-2-2-1 روش GLONASS                                                                                                                                   24
3-2-2-1 روش GPS                                                                                                                                               24
3-1 تاریخچه GPS                                                                                                                                                   24
4-1 بخش های کلی سیستم GPS                                                                                                                              25
1-4-1 بخش فضایی                                                                                                                                                  25
1-1-4-1 صورت فلکی NAVSTAR                                                                                                                       25
2-1-4-1 صورت فلکی GLONASS                                                                                                                       27
3-1-4-1 مشخصات کلی ماهواره های GPS                                                                                                            27
2-4-1 بخش کنترل                                                                                                                                                  28
3-4-1 بخش مصرف کننده یا گیرنده                                                                                                                        30
5-1 انواع گیرنده GPS از نظر دقت                                                                                                                         30
1-5-1 GPS های حرفه ای                                                                                                                                      30
2-5-1 GPS های نیمه حرفه ای                                                                                                                               31
3-5-1 GPS های دستی یا کم دقت                                                                                                                         31
6-1 مزایای سیستم موقعیت یابی جهانی GPS                                                                                                            31
7-1 کاربرد های GPS                                                                                                                                              32
فصل دوم (کلیات سیستم موقعیت یابی جهانی GPS)..........................................................34
1-2 محاسبه فاصله، خطای ساعت و مختصات بین ماهواره و گیرنده به کمک اندازه گیری شبه فاصله                         35
2-2 تعیین موقعیت یک ماهواره در فضا                                                                                                                     39
3-2 مشخصات یک نمونه ماهواره GPS                                                                                                                     40
4-2 سرعت مداری ماهواره ای                                                                                                                                 40
5-2 پریود مداری ماهواره ها                                                                                                                                    42
6-2 سیگنال های ماهواره GPS                                                                                                                                43
1-6-2 مشخصات سیگنال                                                                                                                                           43
1-1-6-2 کد P                                                                                                                                                        43
2-1-6-2 کد C/A                                                                                                                                                   43
2-6-2 ساختار سیگنال ارسالی توسط ماهواره GPS                                                                                                  44
7-2 دلایل استفاده از کدهای شبه تصادفی                                                                                                                46
8-2 خطاهای GPS                                                                                                                                                  49
1-8-2 خطاهای فرستنده                                                                                                                                          49
1-1-8-2 خطای SA                                                                                                                                                49
2-1-8-2 خطای AS                                                                                                                                                50
3-1-8-2 خطای مداری                                                                                                                                           50
4-1-8-2 خطای ساعت ماهواره                                                                                                                               50
2-8-2 خطای های محیط انتشار                                                                                                                                51
1-2-8-2 خطای یونوسفر                                                                                                                                          51
2-2-8-2 خطای اتمسفر                                                                                                                                            51
3-2-8-2 خطای MULTI PATH                                                                                                                          51
3-8-2 خطاهای گیرنده                                                                                                                                            53
1-3-8-2 خطای ساعت گیرنده                                                                                                                                 53
2-3-8-2 خطای نویز گیرنده                                                                                                                                    53
9-2 دقت گیرنده های دستی                                                                                                                                    53
10-2 حذف خطای ساعت گیرنده GPS                                                                                                                   54
11-2 رابطه مقیاس با دقت نقشه                                                                                                                                 58
12-2 مزایای کار با GPS نسبت به کار کلاسیک                                                                                                        59
13-2 بیضوی مبنا                                                                                                                                                       59
14-2 ملحقات GPS                                                                                                                                                  61
فصل سوم (تشریح کلی اجزای گیرنده های GPS)............................................................62
1-3 بخش های مختلف گیرنده های GPS                                                                                                                63
1-1-3 آنتن و تقویت کننده                                                                                                                                      63
2-1-3 قسمت بخش RF یا پردازشگر اصلی                                                                                                               65
2-3 مکانیزم عمل گیرنده                                                                                                                                          66
3-3 GPS تفاضلی                                                                                                                                                     67
1-3-3 ایده اساسی                                                                                                                                                   67
2-3-3 طرز کار DGPS                                                                                                                                            68
4-3 تشریح عمومی گیرنده                                                                                                                                        70
5-3 طراحی ملزمات گیرنده GPS                                                                                                                            73
1-5-3 آنتن                                                                                                                                                              74
2-5-3 پیش تقویت کننده                                                                                                                                         75
3-5-3 اسیلاتور مرجع                                                                                                                                               76
4-5-3 سنتز کننده فرکانس                                                                                                                                       77
5-5-3 مبدل های نزولی                                                                                                                                           77
6-5-3 بخش فرکانس میانی                                                                                                                                       78
7-5-3 بخش پردازش سیگنال                                                                                                                                   78
8-5-3 بخش پردازش های کاربردی                                                                                                                        78
6-3 تکامل تدریجی تکنولوژی ساخت گیرنده های GPS                                                                                         78
1-6-3 تکامل تدریجی تاریخی انجام طرح ساخت گیرنده ها                                                                                    78
2-6-3 نحوه انجام طرح ساخت گیرنده ها در حال حاضر                                                                                         80
1-2-6-3 الکترونیک فرکانس های رادیویی                                                                                                              81
2-2-6-3 الکترونیک سنتز کننده فرکانس                                                                                                      &

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