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Side effect chemothraphy
1. Hair loss
Baldness is a trait which involves the state of lacking hair where it often grows, especially on the head. The most common form of baldness is a progressive hair thinning condition called androgenic alopecia or 'male pattern baldness' that occurs in adult human males and some primate species. The severity and nature of baldness can vary greatly; it ranges from male and female pattern alopecia (androgenetic alopecia, also called androgenic alopecia or alopecia androgenetica), alopecia areata, which involves the loss of some of the hair from the head, and alopecia totalis, which involves the loss of all head hair, to the most extreme form, alopecia universalis, which involves the loss of all hair from the head and the body. Treatment for alopecia has limited success. The more hair lost, the less successful the treatment will be
2.Nausea and vomiting
Nausea is not an illness itself; it is rather a possible case of several conditions, many of which are not related to the stomach at all. In fact, more often than not nausea indicates a condition somewhere else in the body rather than in the stomach itself. An example of this is travel sickness, which is due to confusion between perceived movement and actual movement. Our sense of equilibrium lies in the ear and works together with eyesight. When these two don't "agree" to what extent the body is actually moving the symptom is presented as nausea even though the stomach itself has nothing to do with the situation. Nausea is also an adverse effect of many drugs. Nausea may also be an effect of a large intake of sugary foods.
In medicine, nausea is a particular problem during some chemotherapy regimens and following general anaesthesia. Nausea is also a common symptom of pregnancy. Even though nausea is generally seen as an indication that something is wrong, experiencing it during pregnancy is quite normal, and should not be considered an immediate cause for alarm.
Treatment
While short-term nausea and vomiting are generally harmless, they may sometimes indicate a more serious condition, such as Celiac Disease. When associated with prolonged vomiting, it may cause dangerous levels of dehydration and/or electrolyte imbalances.
Symptomatic treatment for nausea and vomiting may include short-term avoidance of solid food. This is usually easy as nausea is nearly always associated with loss of appetite. Dehydration may require rehydration with oral or intravenous electrolyte solutions. Oral rehydration (drinking water) is safer and simpler in most cases.
There are not many antiemetics (drugs to suppress nausea and vomiting), although researchers continue to look for more effective treatments. Also available are a variety of noninvasive, mechanical devices used to suppress nausea due to motion sickness, but these
products are seldom tested in a laboratory setting.
3. Diarrhea and constipation
Diarrhea (in American English) or diarrhoea (in British English) is a generally unpleasant condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements (from the ancient Greek word διαρροή = leakage; literally meaning "to run through"). Acute infectious diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries (particularly among infants), accounting for 5 to 8 million deaths annually[1]. Much of the incidence of these deaths is due to the lack of adequate safe water and lack of sewage treatment capacity; the separation of drinking water from
contaminated sewage is also a major issue.
4. Anemia
deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs) and/or hemoglobin. This results in a reduced ability of blood to transfer oxygen to the tissues, causing hypoxia; since all human cells depend on oxygen for survival, varying degrees of anemia can have a wide range of clinical consequences. Hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells) has to be present to ensure adequate oxygenation of all body tissues and organs.
5. Malnutrition
Malnutrition is a general term for the medical condition caused by an improper or insufficient diet. It most often refers to undernutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption, or excessive loss of nutrients, but the term can also encompass overnutrition, resulting from overeating or excessive intake of specific nutrients. An individual will experience malnutrition if the appropriate amount, kind or quality of nutrients comprising a healthy diet are not consumed for an extended period of time. An extended period of malnutrition can result in starvation
6.Depression of the immune system hence (potentially lethal) infections and sepsis
The immune system is a set of mechanisms that protect an organism from infection by identifying and killing pathogens. This task is extremely difficult, since pathogens range from viruses to parasitic worms and these diverse threats must be detected with absolute specificity amongst normal cells and tissues. Pathogens are also constantly evolving new ways to avoid detection by the immune system and successfully infect their hosts.
7. Haemorrhage
Bleeding is the loss of blood from the body. Hemorrhage (AE) or Haemorrhage (BE) is the medical term for bleeding. In common usage, a hemorrhage means particularly severe bleeding; although technically it means escape of blood to extravascular space. The complete loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination.
The circulating blood volume is approximately 70 ml / kg of ideal body weight. Thus the average 70 kg male has approximately 5000 ml of circulating blood. Loss of 10-15% of total blood volume can be endured without clinical sequelae in a healthy person.
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