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نیک فایل

مرجع دانلود فایل ,تحقیق , پروژه , پایان نامه , فایل فلش گوشی

دانلود مقاله Path Diversity with Forward Error Correction (PDF) System for Packet Switched Networks

اختصاصی از نیک فایل دانلود مقاله Path Diversity with Forward Error Correction (PDF) System for Packet Switched Networks دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

دانلود مقاله Path Diversity with Forward Error Correction (PDF) System for Packet Switched Networks


دانلود مقاله Path Diversity with Forward Error Correction (PDF) System for Packet Switched Networks

Path Diversity with Forward Error Correction (PDF) System for Packet Switched Networks
Thinh Nguyen and Avideh Zakhor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
{thinhq, avz}@eecs.berkeley.edu

 

Abstract—Packet loss and end-to-end delay limit delay sensitive
applications over the best effort packet switched networks such as
the Internet. In our previous work, we have shown that substantial
reduction in packet loss can be achieved by sending packets at
appropriate sending rates to a receiver from multiple senders,
using disjoint paths, and by protecting packets with forward error
correction. In this paper, we propose a Path Diversity with Forward
error correction (PDF) system for delay sensitive applications over
the Internet in which, disjoint paths from a sender to a receiver are
created using a collection of relay nodes. We propose a scalable,
heuristic scheme for selecting a redundant path between a sender
and a receiver, and show that substantial reduction in packet loss
can be achieved by dividing packets between the default path
and the redundant path. NS simulations are used to verify the
effectiveness of PDF system.


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دانلود مقاله Path Diversity with Forward Error Correction (PDF) System for Packet Switched Networks

Patterns of Internet Use by Persons With Spinal Cord Injuries and Relationship to Health-Related Quality of Life

اختصاصی از نیک فایل Patterns of Internet Use by Persons With Spinal Cord Injuries and Relationship to Health-Related Quality of Life دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

Mari-Lynn Drainoni, PhD, Bethlyn Houlihan, MSW, MPH, Steve Williams, MD, Mark Vedrani, MPH,

ABSTRACT. Drainoni M-L, Houlihan B, Williams S, Vedrani
M, Esch D, Lee-Hood E, Weiner C. Patterns of Internet
use by persons with spinal cord injuries and relationship to
health-related quality of life. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:
1872-9.
Objectives: To examine patterns of computer and Internet
use among persons with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and to assess
the relationship between Internet use and health-related quality
of life (HRQOL).
Design: Cross-sectional survey design.
Setting: National Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems.
Participants: People with SCI enrolled in a national
database.
Interventions: Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures: Patterns of Internet use and
relationship to HRQOL indicators: self-perceived health status,
health status compared with 1 year ago, severity of depression,
social integration score, occupation score, contacts with
friends, business contacts, and satisfaction with life.
Results: Most subjects owned computers, had Internet access,
and used the Internet regularly—primarily for email,
disability and health information, and shopping. Bivariate analysis
revealed significant differences in Internet access based on
sociodemographics, particularly among subjects with less education
and among African Americans and Hispanics. In initial
univariate analysis, most HRQOL indicators were significantly
better for Internet users; once sociodemographic factors were
included, 4 indicators remained significant.
Conclusions: Complex factors contribute to Internet access
among people with SCI, with more barriers among specific
subgroups. A significant HRQOL benefit from Internet use is
suggested. Targeted interventions and studies of usage patterns
are recommended.
Key Words: Internet; Minority groups; Quality of life;
Rehabilitation; Spinal cord injuries.
© 2004 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and
RehabilitationDavid Esch, PhD, Elizabeth Lee-Hood, MS, MTS, Cheryl Weiner, MPH


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Patterns of Internet Use by Persons With Spinal Cord Injuries and Relationship to Health-Related Quality of Life